吴全佑 Wu Ch'uan-yu |
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Depiction of a Manchu Imperial Guards Bannerman wearing similar uniform and gear to that worn by Wu Ch'uan-yu as a military officer |
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Born | 1834 China |
Died | 1902 |
Style | Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan |
Notable students | Wu Chien-ch'uan, Wang Mao Zhai, Guo Fen |
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List of Chinese martial arts |
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Wu Ch'uan-yu or Wu Quanyou (simplified Chinese: 吴全佑; traditional Chinese: 吳全佑; pinyin: Wú Quányòu) (1834–1902) was an influential teacher of t'ai chi ch'uan in late Imperial China. He is credited as the founder of the Wu style t'ai chi ch'uan.[1] As he was of Manchu descent, and would have been named by his family in Manchu, the name "Wú" (吳) was a sinicisation that approximated the pronunciation of the first syllable of his Manchu clan name, U Hala.[2]
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Wu Ch'uan-yu was a military officer in the Yellow Banner camp (see Qing Dynasty Military) in the Forbidden City, Beijing and also an officer of the Imperial Guards Brigade during the Qing Dynasty. At that time, Yang Luchan (楊露禪) (1799–1872) was the martial arts instructor in that banner camp, teaching t'ai chi ch'uan.[1] In the camp, there were many officers studying with Yang Luchan, but only three men, Wan Chun (萬春), Ling Shan (凌山) and Ch'uan Yu (全佑) studied diligently and trained hard enough at t'ai chi ch'uan to become disciples. However, they were unable to become Yang Luchan's disciples, because Yang Luchan taught t'ai chi ch'uan to two men of very high status in the military; they were Shi Shaonan and General Yue Guichen.[2][3]
At that time Wan Chun, Ling Shan and Ch'uan-yu were middle grade officers in the banner camp and because of their rank, they could not be seen as fellow classmates with nobility and high grade officers. As a result, they were asked to become disciples of Yang Pan-hou (楊班侯) or Yang Banhou, Yang Luchan’s oldest adult son and an instructor as well to the Manchu military.[2]
When Wu retired from the military, he set up a school in Beijing. Wu Ch'uan-yu's Beijing school was successful and there were many who studied with him, he was popularly known as Quan Sanye (全三爺) as a term of respect. His disciples were Guo Songting (郭松亭), Wang Maozhai (王茂齋), Xia Gongfu (夏公甫), Chang Yuanting (常遠亭), Qi Gechen (齊閣臣) (see Wudang Tai Chi Chuan Lineage) etc. Wu's skills were said to be exceptional in the area of softly "neutralising" (化勁, hua jin) hard energy when attacked, which is a core skill of good t'ai chi ch'uan practice as a martial art.[3] Wu Ch'uan-yu had three primary disciples: his son Wu Chien-ch'uan, Wang Mao Zhai and Guo Fen.[4]
Wu Ch'uan-yu's son, Wu Chien-ch'uan (吳鑑泉) (1870–1942) also became a cavalry officer and t'ai chi ch'uan teacher, working closely with the Yang family and Sun Lu-t'ang, promoting what subsequently came to be known as Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong.[1][5][6]
This lineage tree is not comprehensive.
Zhang Sanfeng* c. 12th century NEIJIA |
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Wang Zongyue* T'AI CHI CH'UAN |
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Note: These are legendary or semi-legendary figures in the lineage, which means their involvement in the lineage, while accepted by most of the major schools, isn't independently verifiable from known historical records.
Chen Wangting 1580–1660 9th generation Chen CHEN STYLE |
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Chen Changxing 1771–1853 14th generation Chen Chen Old Frame |
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Chen Youben c. 1800s 14th generation Chen Chen New Frame |
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Yang Lu-ch'an 1799–1872 YANG STYLE |
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Chen Qingping 1795–1868 Chen Small Frame, Zhaobao Frame |
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Yang Pan-hou 1837–1892 Yang Small Frame |
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Yang Chien-hou 1839–1917 |
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Wu Yu-hsiang 1812–1880 WU/HAO STYLE |
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Wu Ch'uan-yu 1834–1902 |
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Yang Shao-hou 1862–1930 Yang Small Frame |
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Yang Chengfu 1883–1936 Yang Big Frame |
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Li I-yü 1832–1892 |
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Wu Chien-ch'uan 1870–1942 WU STYLE 108 Form |
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Yang Shou-chung 1910–1985 |
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Hao Wei-chen 1849–1920 |
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Wu Kung-i 1900–1970 |
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Sun Lu-t'ang 1861–1932 SUN STYLE |
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Wu Ta-k'uei 1923–1972 |
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Sun Xingyi 1891–1929 |
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